In 1905, A Manual and Atlas of Orthopedic Surgery: Including the History, Etiology, Pathology, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Prophylaxis, and Treatment of Deformities was published in Philadelphia, PA. In its pages are images of severe spinal deformities and scoliosis that will make you cringe. From unbelievably crooked spines to sideways necks, these are the ways that the human body can betray itself and leave you in the bloody hands of Western medicine. Here are some spine-chilling images from this vintage medical tome:
